exec

execl, execlp, execle, execv, execvp - execute a file

#include <unistd.h> extern char **environ; I int execl(const char * path , const char * arg , ...);
I int execlp(const char * file , const char * arg , ...);
I int execle(const char * path , const char * arg ,
I ..., char * const envp []);
I int execv(const char * path , char *const argv []);
I int execvp(const char * file , char *const argv []);

The R exec () family of functions replaces the current process image with a new process image. The functions described in this manual page are front-ends for the function execve(2). (See the manual page for execve(2) for detailed information about the replacement of the current process.)

The initial argument for these functions is the pathname of a file which is to be executed.

The const char *arg and subsequent ellipses in the R execl (), R execlp (), and R execle () functions can be thought of as R arg0 , R arg1 , ..., R argn . Together they describe a list of one or more pointers to null-terminated strings that represent the argument list available to the executed program. The first argument, by convention, should point to the filename associated with the file being executed. The list of arguments must be terminated by a NULL pointer, and, since these are variadic functions, this pointer must be cast R (char *) NULL .

The R execv () and R execvp () functions provide an array of pointers to null-terminated strings that represent the argument list available to the new program. The first argument, by convention, should point to the filename associated with the file being executed. The array of pointers must be terminated by a NULL pointer.

The R execle () function also specifies the environment of the executed process by following the NULL pointer that terminates the list of arguments in the parameter list or the pointer to the argv array with an additional parameter. This additional parameter is an array of pointers to null-terminated strings and must be terminated by a NULL pointer. The other functions take the environment for the new process image from the external variable environ in the current process.

Special semantics for execlp() and execvp()

The functions R execlp () and R execvp () will duplicate the actions of the shell in searching for an executable file if the specified filename does not contain a slash (/) character. The search path is the path specified in the environment by the PATH variable. If this variable isn't specified, the default path ``:/bin:/usr/bin'' is used. In addition, certain errors are treated specially.

If permission is denied for a file (the attempted execve(2) returned R EACCES ), these functions will continue searching the rest of the search path. If no other file is found, however, they will return with the global variable errno set to R EACCES .

If the header of a file isn't recognized (the attempted execve(2) returned R ENOEXEC ), these functions will execute the shell (/bin/sh) with the path of the file as its first argument. (If this attempt fails, no further searching is done.)

If any of the R exec () functions returns, an error will have occurred. The return value is -1, and the global variable errno will be set to indicate the error.

All of these functions may fail and set errno for any of the errors specified for the library function execve(2).

POSIX.1-2001.

On some other systems the default path (used when the environment does not contain the variable PATH) has the current working directory listed after /bin and R /usr/bin , as an anti-Trojan-horse measure. Linux uses here the traditional "current directory first" default path.

The behavior of R execlp () and R execvp () when errors occur while attempting to execute the file is historic practice, but has not traditionally been documented and is not specified by the POSIX standard. BSD (and possibly other systems) do an automatic sleep and retry if ETXTBSY is encountered. Linux treats it as a hard error and returns immediately.

Traditionally, the functions R execlp () and R execvp () ignored all errors except for the ones described above and ENOMEM and R E2BIG , upon which they returned. They now return if any error other than the ones described above occurs.

sh(1), execve(2), fork(2), ptrace(2), fexecve(3), environ(7)